Learning the Tissue Level of Organization:  Chapter 4

  Histology includes the study of the tissues of the human body.  This unit will require you to carefully examine microscope slides along with the guide of your textbook and lab book.  Working with the virtual microscope at http://www.udel.edu/Biology/ketcham/microscope/scope.html may help you understand how the microscopic images in this chapter are obtained.  This is a DIFFICULT SECTION, BUT you have many tools which will aide your successful learning. You must choose a system that works and launch into your study each day.  Basically you will be studying FOUR  tissue categories: You should be able to identify each of the following , know their cell components and where they are located in the body. 

At the end of the study of this system, the successful student will be able to:

LECTURE:

Recognize general characteristics in each of the FOUR basic tissue groups listed below; how they function.  KNOW: .what they do and where they are found.  

• 1.  Epithelial tissue  P81-93

• http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/electronmicroscopy/magnify1/index.htm (Use this virtual microscpe to learn more about tissues)

Simple Squamous  Simple Cuboidal Simple Columnar(nonciliated) Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar  Stratified Squamous Nonkeritanized Keritinized Transitional (APR:Urinary system:Histo:bladder)

Note this example of simple Squamous from your text book.  Make certain you match each of the terms on the left with their appropriate images from your text so you have a visualization as well as the word in you learning.  If necessary, use the glossary on your APR CD to make certain that you know the correct pronunciation as well.

• Recognize by name and location the following Intercellular Junctions of Epithelial cells. (pages 83-84).

  • Gap

  • Tight

  • Desmosome

  • Click on this image to call up a larger image that shows you these three Intercellular Junctions.  Use your text to find where they are found.

    • `

• 2.  Connective tissue P.95-108

  Note this example of Bone and Blood  from your text book.  Make certain you match each of the terms on the left with their appropriate images from your text so you have a visualization as well as the word in your  learning.  If necessary, use the glossary on your APR CDs to make certain that you know the correct pronunciation as well.

  

  Areolar or Loose Connective Tissue Dense Regular (white fibrous) Hyaline Cartilage (Elastic & Fibrocartilage (no microscope work)) Adipose Bone (compact) Cross Section= CS Blood

  bone blood

• 3.  Muscular tissue  P. 109-111

  Note the examples from your text of the 3 types of muscle found in the human body.  Make certain you match each term with the proper image from your text so you have a visualization as well as the word in your learning.  If necessary, use the glossary on your APR CDs to make certain that you know the correct pronunciation as well.  Test yourself with these images.  Click the arrow on the right in the correct answer box to verify your understanding.

  What muscle type is represented by the letter A correct answer Skeletal What muscle type is represented by the letter B   correct answer Cardiac What muscle type is represented by the letter C   correct answer Cardiac SMOOTH!

• 4.  Nervous tissue  P 111-112

  Note this example of a Nerve Cell  from your text book.  Make certain you match each of the terms on the left with their appropriate images from your text so you have a visualization as well as the word in your  learning.  If necessary, use the glossary on your APR CDs to make certain that you know the correct pronunciation as well.  Click the image to study its proper structures.

  • Neuron :  

  • 

Try this: http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/histoprc/prac1q.htm

LAB:

Before coming to the lab, you should become familiar with using a microscope by practicing with the virtual microscope at http://www.udel.edu/Biology/ketcham/microscope/scope.html. 

    Microscopes: (one per student)

    APR 2.0

Identify  the specific tissues listed below by structures, function and location:  Online students, this is your microscope lab! In addition, review the Intercellular  Junctions(Text P. 83) that bind epithelial cells.

************* APR:  Use the System along with the Microscope Icon for each of the slides

• Epithelial  P. 13-24 

  • Simple Squamous:  APR: Respiratory System:  Alveolus:

  • Simple Columnar(non-ciliated): APR:  Digestive System:  Small Intestine (Jejunum-Ileum): goblet cell, nucleus

  • Simple Cuboidal:  APR:  Endocrine: Thyroid Gland: nucleus

  • Stratified Squamous: (Non-Keritanized&Keritinized) APR:  Integumentary:  Skin Epidermis: Thick skin

  • Pseudostratified Columnar(Ciliated):  APR:Respiratory: Trachea:  cilia, basement membrane

• Connective tissue  P. 25-41

  • Areolar (loose Connective) :NO APR!  fibroblast cells, protein fibers, ground substance: Text P.102

  • Adipose:  nucleus, cell membrane:APR Cardiovascular: Neurovascular bundle: select structure: Adipose

  • Dense Regular (White Fibrous):  Text P104 (NO APR)

  • Hyaline Cartilage: APR: Skeletal System: Lacunae with Chondrocyte

  • Bone: APR:  Skeletal System: Compact bone: central canal , osteon and interstitial lamella 

  • Blood  text p. 108:  Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets: Text P. 108 (NO APR)

• Muscle Tissue  P. 42 -47

  • skeletal:  APR:  MuscularSystem:  Nucleus and striations(A-I band)

  • Smooth Muscle: APR: Muscular System:  smooth muscle fiber and nucleus

  • Cardiac Muscle:APR: Muscular System:  branched cell and fiber, nucleus, intercalated disc

• Nerve Tissue    and page 48-49

  •  NeuronAPR:  Nervous System:  Multipolar Neuron:  dendrites, axon and soma (cell body)

  APRCD

• 

• Histology will be a bit more difficult to find using APR CD BUT, you can do it.  Here is an example.  Simple Columnar Epithelium is found "lining "digestive organs.  To use APR, you would select Digestive system, click on the microscope Icon and that will lead you to the cells you are wanting to observe.  Each time the text tells you where the epithelial tissue is found you must go to that system, click on the microscope and look for those cells. 

This unit tends to be "difficult" to study so approach it as if you were a pathologist in a hospital lab making a tissue diagnosis on someone important to you!  Look at these tissues as if you were seeing them under a microscope to master this material.  On the lab midsemester and/or final you will actually see these tissues under a microscope and you will then identify the tissue by name and location in the human body and write this information on the blanks next to the slide number. 

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The following sources of information will help you master the  the tissue system and the related structures for which you are responsible.

1. McGraw Hill website:  online Learning Center text material has great potential to help you learn the many components of anatomy and Physiology:

   1. Body Smart which has animations to help you learn the basic components of the body's systems
   2. Multiple choice questions
   3. flashcards
   4. Challenge Yourself

   1. Review the quizzes

   2. and most importantly, Labeling exercises:

2. Textbook:  Read the objectives.  Use them as a guide when you 

   1. skim read the chapter to get a feel for the content and how the different topics are related

   2. reread the chapter look for the critical points and preparing for lecture

   3. study the chapter to learn the critical content

   4. review the chapter preparing for the quizzes and exams

3. Lecture:    Attend all lectures.  Use them to 

   1. identify important points

   2. ask questions of points not well understood in the text

   3. measure your learning comprehension

4. Lab:     Attend your scheduled lab and take advantage of open times to continue to study  
               Use your labs to correlate text structures to actual specimens in lab

5. You may find the glossary helpful for terminology understanding and to learn how to pronounce the words.  If you have forgotten how to call up the glossary, return to the introduction and reread the directions.

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Last modified: May 10, 2005 by Cynthia Herbrandson © Copyright 1999, Kellogg Community College. All rights reserved.