Learning the Cardiovascular System

 The Cardiovascular system will be divided into 3 learning segments.

• Chapter 21: Blood

• Chapter 22: Heart

• Chapter 23:  Vessels and Circulation

This tends to be a more interesting unit of study for most students, and  you have many tools which will aide your successful l You must choose a system that works and launch into your study each day.  You have approximately 1.5 weeks to complete this task.  Stay tuned to the pulse of this unit as you learn.

At the end of the study of this system, the successful student will be able to:

 Chapter  21: Blood

1. Understand Blood  P. 636-653  

   • You will need to know all of the topics presented in the list of objectives in your textbook for chapter 21

   • Components of Blood P. 636-637

     • Know each by name and function and Percent found

       • Erythrocytes See Fig 21.2 P. 637

       • Leukocytes: P. 637  See table 21.2 for details

       • Platelets

       • Plasma P. 638:  See table 21.1 for details

     • 

   • Blood Plasma  P. 638  See table 21.1

     • Know the percent and the function of the following blood plasma components

       • Water

       • plasma proteins(4)

       • solutes

   • Origin and differentiation of blood cells:  P. 650 Fig. 21.11

     • Note that this process begins with a Hemocytoblast.  This cell can differentiate into a) myeloid or b) lymphoid.  From there the end result is the cells listed at the bottom of the figure below.

     • 

   • Formed Elements in the Blood:  P. 638-639 (See Table 21.2)

     • Recognize the structure and function of each of the formed elements in blood

     • 

     • Erythrocytes (RBC's)  and recycling  P. 639-641 (see table 21.6)

       • Recognize the characteristics of the structure of the RBC

       • Hemeglobin

       • Life cycle

       • 

     • Leukocytes (WBC's) P. 646-649 (See Table 21.3)

       • Differentiate structure and function and percentage of each of  the following:

         • Granulocytes:

           • Neutrophil

           • Eosinophil

           • Basophil

         • Agranulocyte

           • Lymphocyte

           • Monocyte

     • Platelets and Blood Clotting P648

   • Blood Types P. 643-645

     • Know the ABO types

     • Understand the antigen-antibody reactions( see illustration on P. 643)

     • Understand the Rh factor

     • 

2. Be able to define the following terms:
   1. Hempoiesis        P. 649
   2. Erythropoiesis    P. 651
   3. Thrombopoiesis P. 651
   4. Leukopoiesis     P. 651

   •  Chapter 22:The Heart

      Select Cardiovascular system overview

     • 

   • Be able to recognize the difference between Pulmonary vs Systemic Circulation:  See P655

     • See more detail on page 713

     • See APR Anatomy animation on Pulmonary and Systemic circuit

   • The Anatomy and Organization of the heart  p. 659-661

     • Understand the organization of the  Pericardium:  P. 657  See Fig 22.3

     • Understand the Heart wall structure: P. 658: See Fig. 22.4

     • Understand the organization and histology of Cardiac Muscle:  P. 667:  See Fig 22.10

     • Be able to identify The Structures listed in your text of the External and Internal Heart Anatomy (see illustrations below

       • In addition, pay particular attention to the 4 Heart valves:  See P. 662 Table 22.1 for details)

     • See APR  Note you can choose Dissection of the Heart and view internal structures as well as choose vasculature.  Remember to choose the tags to identify the specific structures and choose pronounce to hear the terms:

     • 

   • Cardiac Cycle: 671-674

     • Understand the detail of the events in the Cardiac cycle.  Figures 22.13 and 22.14are especially helpful visually

     • See APR animation on cardiac cycle

     • 

   • Conduction System of the Heart: P.668-669

     • Be able to recognize and understand the location and function of the following structures (fig 22.11)

       • SA node

       • Av node

       • Av Bundle (bundle of His)

       • Purkinje fibers

       See APR animation on the conducting system of the Heart

       Be able to recognize the structures and function of a EKG tracing:  (See P 669 clinical view for details)

       • P wave

       • QRS wave

       • T wave

     • 

   • Blood Flow Through the Heart:  P. 675

     • See Table 22.3 for details to know

     • See APR: animation of Blood flow through Heart

     • 

   • Coronary Circulation:  P. 665

     • Be able to identify branches of the Coronary artery and Great cardiac vein

   • 

   OMIT FROM THIS CHAPTER:  Development of the Heart: P. 675-677

3. Chapter 23: Blood Vessels and Circulation   

   • The anatomy of Blood Vessels  P. 682-721

     • Be able to identify the structural characteristics of an artery and vein and the differences between them

       • See Figure 23.1 P. 683 for specific details

       • See the valves in veins illustration on P. 685 Fig 23.3

     • Understand the comparison of companion vessels:  See P. 685

     • Recognize and understand the 3 types of capillaries:  See P. 687

     • Understand the meaning of Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure and the "average" adult reading value

     • 

   • Arteries to Know:  p. 692  All arteries on this page

     • Be able to identify each of these arteries on an illustration in lecture or model in lab

     • 

   • Veins to Know     p.693  All veins on this page
     • Be able to identify each of these veins on an illustration in lecture or model in lab
     • 
   •  
   • Fetal Circulation: P. 716-717   See Figure 23.27

   Omit from this chapter:  Blood Vessel Development P. 713-716

LAB:

In addition to Lecture, Locate the following structures using the lab models and text references:

• Blood Cell ReviewFrom the chapters on blood, you will need to be able to identify the following  blood cells whether presented as a microscopic slide or described by structure or function.

  • Erythrocytes (Red blood cells)

  • Granular Leukocyte (white blood cells) Text P. 647

    • Eosinophil

    • Basophil

    • Neutrophil

  • Agranular Leukocyte (white blood cells)

    • Monocyte

    • Lymphocyte

  • Platelets
    

• HEART MODEL: (one per table)From the chapters on the Heart, you will need to identify the following  structures of the heart from text diagrams and/or  laboratory models.

  • Four Chambers:

    • Right Atrium

    • Right Ventricle

    • Left Atrium

    • Left Ventricle 

  • Walls of Heart:: Text P. 657

    • Endocardium

    • Myocardium

    • Epicardium

  • Interventricular Septum

  • Chordae Tendinae

  • Papillary muscles

  • Four Valves      See text P. 661:  Listed are the acceptable terms

    • Right AV Valve (Tricuspid)

    • Left AV Valve   (Bicuspid or Mitral)

    • Pulmonary Semilunar

    • Aortic Semilunar

  • Major vessels leading into and out of the heart 

    • Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

    • Pulmonary trunk

    • Pulmonary Artery

    • Pulmonary Vein

    • Aorta

      • Ascending Aorta

      • Arch of Aorta

      • Descending Thoracic Aorta

      • Descending Abdominal Aorta

    • Coronary Artery (Right and Left Only)

    • Coronary sinus   

    • Brachiocephalic Artery  (Arch of Aorta)   *See P. 692

    • Left Carotid Artery        (Arch of Aorta)   * See P. 692

    • Left Subclavian Artery    (Arch of Aorta)  * See P. 692

• Teaching Heart Model (2)

  • Cardiac conduction system: Locate the following:   see text p668

    • SA Node

    • AV node

    • AV bundle (Bundle of His)

    • Bundle Branches (right and left)

    • Purkinje Fibers

  Note the following figures in the text help you identify the required structures

  • sectional anatomy of the heart  p. 659-661
    

• Blood Vessel Model (1) From the Chapter on Blood Vessels and circulation you will need to identify by diagram and lab model the following vessels  *NOTE THE ARTERY AND VEINS YOU MUST KNOW ARE ON P692-693 OF YOUR TEXT.    Highlight and learn for both lecture and lab. 

  • Systemic Arteries as they appear on Lec. text page692( See Lab manual for specific arteries)

  • Systemic Veins as they appear on Lec.  text p.  693 (see lab manual for specific veins)

  • Arteries of the brain (text P. 696) see lab manual for specific vessels

Return to the course schedule

• The following sources of information will help you master the  the Cardiovascular system

1. McGraw Hill website:  online Learning Center text material has great potential to help you learn the many components of anatomy and Physiology:

   1. Body Smart which has animations to help you learn the basic components of the body's systems
   2. Do the multiple choice, matching, and labeling for each chapters 21-23
   3. Use your Anatomy and Physiology revealed OFTEN, studying the interactive images, not just watching them.
   4. Practice, practice, practice and then practice more.  There is a lot of material in these 3 chapters and you will have to spend at least twice as much time as you think you will need to to actually master all this critical material.

2. Textbook:  Read the objectives.  Use them as a guide when you 

   1. skim read the chapter to get a feel for the content and how the different topics are related

   2. reread the chapter look for the critical points and preparing for lecture

   3. study the chapter to learn the critical content

   4. review the chapter preparing for the quizzes and exams

3. Lecture:    Attend all lectures.  Use them to 

   1. identify important points

   2. ask questions of points not well understood in the text

   3. measure your learning comprehension

4. Lab:     Attend your scheduled lab and take advantage of open times to continue to study  
               Use your labs to correlate text structures to actual specimens in lab

5. You may find the glossary helpful for terminology understanding and to learn how to pronounce the words.  If you have forgotten how to call up the glossary, return to the introduction and reread the directions.  There are so many new terms that if you don't practice pronunciation at the same time you master the meaning, you will eventually find yourself very, very confused.  Adult learners remember via words stored in memory.  Without the sound that goes with the word, you will have difficulty retaining the word and its meaning.

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   Return to the course schedule

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    its meaning.

Last modified: May 10, 2005 by Cynthia Herbrandson © Copyright 1999, Kellogg Community College. All rights reserved.