Chapter 16: Plant Names and Classification

In this chapter you will learn about problems involved in the use of common names for plants, as illustrated by a survey of such names for two related species of American spring-flowering perennials. It continues with a brief historical account of the events that led to the development and acceptance of Linnaeus' Binomial System of Nomenclature. The history of the development of a five-kingdom classification is presented, along with a list of the divisions and classes included in the kingdoms covered in this text. The chapter concludes with a key to the kingdoms and divisions of organisms.

At the end of this chapter the successful student will be able to

• Recognize the Development of Binomial Nomenclature
• Recognize the classifications of organisms into six kingdoms 
  • Classification or organisms into kingdoms is shown in table 16.1
  • This is clarified by this additional organization is shown in table 16.2
  •  Figure 16.4 shows the derivation relationships
• Classification of Major Groups
• Assignments
• Glossary

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Development of Binomial Nomenclature

• Customary to use descriptive Latin phrase names.
  • All organisms were grouped into genera with the first word of the Latin phrase indicating the particular genus to which the organisms belonged.
• Linnaeus set out to classify all known plants and animals according to their genera.
  • Also changed the Latin phrases to reflect relationships, placing one to many kinds of organisms, species, in each genus.
    • Limited each Latin phrase to a maximum of 12 words.
      • Abbreviated names to two parts (binomials).
• Binomial System of Nomenclature
  • All species or organisms are named according to this system, which includes the authority for the name.
    • Spearmint: Mentha spicata L.
      • Linnaeus organized all known plants into 24 classes which were based mainly on the number of stamens in flowers.

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Classification of the organizations into the six Kingdoms

• Classification or organisms into kingdoms

• Clarification of the classification of organisms into kingdoms
• 
• Derivation relationships
• 

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Objective 3

Specie is the most specific level For example: Pinus strobus has Genus of Pinus and specie of strobus meaning specifically a white pine

• Genera are now grouped into Families.
  • Families are grouped into Orders.
    • Orders are grouped into Classes.
      • Classes are grouped into Phyla.
        • Phyla are grouped into Kingdoms.
• Depending on the classification system, there are between 12 and 30 recognized plant phyla divided among the 6 Kingdoms

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Last modified: October 08, 2004 by Cynthia Herbrandson  © Copyright 1999, Kellogg Community College. All rights reserved.