Chapter 3B: Cell Division - Assignments

Textbook Companion

• Go to your textbook companion site:
  • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072528400/student_view0/
  • Select this chapter from the drop down menu on the left.
• Click the Key Terms Flashcards item on the left.
• Go through the cards until you know all the terms about cells (first part of the chapter)
  • If you do not have a book (and thus registration code) for the course yet, click this new terms link.
• If there are terms that you are not certain how to pronounce,
  • click the glossary
    • Click the first letter of the term at the top of the glossary
    • Scroll down until you see the term. 
    • Click the term and listen to the pronunciation.
    • Practice saying and spelling the term until you are certain you know it.
• Take the test on terms for this chapter.
  • Scroll down to the bottom of this page and click the link "take quiz" below the heading saying  terms.
  • The test is timed and you will only have 10 minutes to take it.  Once you start the test, you must complete it or the test will be locked.  Make certain you watch the clock on the screen so that you submit it on time.

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Course Companion: Web Links

1. Go to your textbook companion site:
   • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072528400/student_view0/
   • Select this chapter from the drop down menu on the left.
2. Click the link for chapter web links
   • Look at several of the links you think might be interesting
   • Select one for which you want to do a report.
3. Write a brief summary of what you learned from reading the report.  You must have at least three specific statements of things you learned (or found interesting).  You must include both the name of the reading and the URL in your summary.
4. Post your summary on the class discussion board as a reply to the appropriate thread. 
5. Read at least one of the summaries that your classmates have posted.  Reply to your classmate's summary with a list of at least two things you found interesting about that summary.  You must make an original reply.  Any replies that appear very similar to the replies of another student will not receive credit.  It would probably be best to reply to a summary that does not have a reply to make certain that your reply is unique.

If you don't have a book yet, you may use the weblinks shown here:

• Cell Division
• Mitosis in Plant Cells
• Chromosomes and Their Structure
• The Cell Cycle

In addition, the following sites provide different views of mitosis

• http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/mitosis.html
• http://www.life.umd.edu/CBMG/faculty/wolniak/wolniakmitosis.html
• http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm
• http://www.bio.unc.edu/faculty/salmon/lab/mitosis/mitosis.html
• http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/cells3.html
• http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/multimedia/mitosis/
• http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Mitosis.html
• http://www.stanford.edu/group/Urchin/mitosis.htm

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Review/Discussion/Summary

Read the summary on cell division in your text book.  There are two parts to this review:  First is to learn the parts of the cell cycle. A diagram of this cell cycle can be found on page 45 of your text. Notice that mitosis is only part of the cell cycle.  Here are some places that you can learn more about the cell cycle.  As you go through each of these sites, see if you can find something that you did not know before looking at the Cell Cycle as presented in these sites. 

1. The Cell cycle and Mitosis
   • http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm
2. The cell cycle: An interactive
   • http://www.cellsalive.com/cell_cycle.htm
3. The Cell Cycle and Mitosis Tutorial
   • http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/cells3.html

For you to have a good understanding of plants and plant growth, you must also learn the stages of mitosis and be able to explain what happens in each stage. Using the web sites below, compare and contrast mitosis in a plant and animal cells. How are they similar and how are they different?  As you go through each of these sites, see if you can find something that you did not know before looking at them.

1. Plant Mitosis
   • http://biology.nebrwesleyan.edu/benham/mitosis/index.html
2. Mitosis: the Division of Plant and Animal Cells
   • http://www.iknow.net/CDROMs/cell_cdrom/cell3.html
3. Mitosis
   • http://www.stanford.edu/group/Urchin/mitosis.htm
4. Mitosis Interactive
   • http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm

Go to the class discussion board.  Click the thread for review/discussion/summary.  Read the postings of your classmates.  YOU MAY NOT post the same items as those posted by your classmates.  Write a report about at least three things you learned or were interesting in looking at the above URLs.  Explain in your report the difference between the Cell Cycle and Mitosis.  Also compare, in your own words, mitosis in plant and animal cells.  Although these last parts will probably be very similar to the postings of your classmates, they must be in your own words and not just a copy of what others are saying.

Your posting must be accurate and must use good grammar.

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Lab Work

Click here to see more information about the lab

In addition you can use the sites given in the Summary/review/discussion section above to see the type of things you could see if you did this assignment in a lab. 

Answer the questions in your lab book for Lab 3 Mitosis.  Be certain that in addition to answering the Review and Quiz questions you also put the labels on the diagrams since you will have labeling questions on the quiz as well as other questions. 

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Chapter Quiz

WARNING:  This quiz will be on the ENTIRE chapter, not just the last half.  There will be a 20 question quiz for each chapter.  The quiz is open book and notes, but it is timed and you will only have 15 minutes to answer the 20 quiz questions.  However, you may take the test as many times as you want.  Each time to take the quiz, you will be presented with 20 questions randomly selected from the chapter test pool.  NOTE:  For the midsemester exam you will NOT be allowed to use notes or take the exam more than once, but the questions will come from the test pools for chapters 1, 3,4, 5, and 6..  To take the chapter quiz,

• Scroll down to the bottom of this page.  (Click assignments, intro assignment to get back here)
• Click the "take quiz" link below the Chapter Quiz label.
• You only have 15 minutes for the quiz, BUT
• You may take it again and again as often as you want until the due date for the assignment is past.

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Grading Rubric:

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Summary

1. Cells that are not dividing are in interphase, which is subdivided into three periods of intense activity that precede mitosis or division of the nucleus. Mitosis is usually accompanied by division of the rest of the cell and takes place in meristems.
2. Mitosis is arbitrarily divided into four phases:
   • (1) prophase, in which the chromosomes and their two-stranded nature become apparent and the nuclear envelope breaks down;
   • (2) metaphase, in which the chromosomes become aligned at the equator of the cell; a spindle composed of spindle fibers is fully developed, with some spindle fibers being attached to the chromosomes at their centromeres;
   • (3) anaphase, in which the sister chromatids of each chromosome (now called daughter chromosomes) separate lengthwise, with each group of daughter chromosomes migrating to opposite poles of the cell; and
   • (4) telophase, in which each group of daughter chromosomes becomes surrounded by a nuclear envelope, thus becoming new nuclei, and a wall dividing the daughter nuclei forms, creating two daughter cells.
3. Animal cells differ from those of higher plants in not having a wall, plastids, or large vacuoles. Also, they have keg-shaped centrioles in pairs just outside the nucleus and pinch in two instead of forming a cell plate when they divide.

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Terms

• Cell Plate
• Lignin
• Cytoplasmic Streaming
• Meristem
• Vascular Cambium
• Anthocyanin
• Mitochondrion
• Kinetochore
• Cell Cycle
• Centromere
• Cork Cambium
• spindle
• Cytokinesis
• Interphase
• Mitosis refers to
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

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Lab Review Questions:

1. What changes in a cell's cytoplasm and nucleus take place during interphase?
2. In which region of a root tip does mitosis occur.
3. What is a spindle?
4. What are the main events of metaphase?
5. In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes first become distinguishable from one another?
6. What happens to chromosomes during anaphase.
7. Of what substance is a middle lamella composed?
8. What becomes of the cell plate at the conclusion of mitosis?

Label these 4 diagrams including the phase in which this configuration would occur. (Look carefully at the link "Here is what you book has for mitosis" if you don't have a book yet.)

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Lab on Mitosis

Here is what you book has for mitosis

Here is what we found in our lab when we looked at the cells in the meristematic tissues at the tip of an onion root.

Here is an animation of Mitosis from http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/activities/cell_cycle/cell_cycle.html . 

Try the quiz at that site to see how you are doing in understanding Mitosis.

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